How does nitrogen accumulation in the body relate to decompression diving?

Nitrogen accumulation in the body is a significant factor in decompression diving, primarily because, as a diver descends, the increased pressure causes nitrogen, which is breathed in from the air, to dissolve into the body tissues. As the diver ascends, if they do not manage their ascent properly, the nitrogen that is still saturated in the tissues can come out of solution too rapidly. This rapid release can form bubbles in the tissues and bloodstream, leading to decompression sickness, commonly known as "the bends." This condition can manifest as joint pain, dizziness, difficulty breathing, or even more severe health complications if not addressed promptly.

The necessity of managing nitrogen levels during ascent is why divers are taught to follow safety protocols, including gradual ascent rates and mandatory safety stops, to allow the body to off-gas nitrogen at a safe pace. Understanding this process helps divers to plan their dives and ascents more effectively, reducing the risk of decompression sickness significantly.