What does equalization in scuba diving refer to?

Equalization in scuba diving specifically refers to the process of balancing the pressure in air spaces within the body, such as the ears and sinuses, with the external water pressure as a diver descends. As a diver goes deeper, the water pressure increases, which can cause discomfort or pain in these air spaces if not equalized. This is typically achieved through techniques like swallowing, yawning, or using the Valsalva maneuver to allow air to flow into the middle ear and equalize the pressure.

Understanding equalization is crucial for preventing barotrauma, which can occur if pressure differences are not adequately managed. This process is essential for safety and comfort while diving, ensuring that divers can dive deeper without experiencing physical stress or injury due to pressure changes.