What is decompression sickness (DCS)?

Decompression sickness (DCS) primarily occurs when a diver ascends too quickly, leading to a rapid decrease in pressure. In this scenario, the body's tissues that have absorbed nitrogen under high pressure do not have sufficient time to release it safely. As a result, nitrogen forms bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues, which can cause various symptoms, ranging from joint pain to more severe conditions affecting the nervous system and other vital organs.

The formation of nitrogen bubbles is directly linked to the physiological effects of pressure changes on nitrogen dissolved in body fluids. When ascent is rapid, the dissolved gases exceed their solubility limit, precipitating into gas bubbles that can obstruct blood flow and cause inflammation.

Understanding this mechanism is vital for divers, as it underscores the importance of following safe ascent rates and incorporating safety stops during ascent to allow for gradual decompression. This knowledge helps prevent the formation of nitrogen bubbles and mitigates the risk of decompression sickness.